# Population, night-time lights, electricity-based GDP, NPP and PM2.5

> Generated by `geo4cambodia build` from [`metadata/env.datapackage.json`](../../metadata/env.datapackage.json). Edit that file, not this one.

## Overview

An annual panel for Cambodia's 25 provinces that aggregates five global gridded remote-sensing products to the province level: population, VIIRS-like night-time lights, electricity-based GDP, net primary productivity and PM2.5 concentration. Each `total_*` variable is the zonal sum of the grid values inside a province's boundary. Rows run from 1990 to 2023; each variable has its own coverage.

- **Dataset id:** `env`
- **Categories:** Economy, Social, Environment

## Scale: province

- **Units:** 25 of 25 province units
- **Period:** 1990–2023, annual (850 rows: one per unit and year)
- **Source geometry:** geoBoundaries ADM1 (25 provinces), matched to GADM provinces by name

| File | Format |
| --- | --- |
| [`data/province/env.csv`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/province/env.csv) | CSV |
| [`data/province/env.parquet`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/province/env.parquet) | Parquet |

| Variable | Description | Unit | Coverage | Aggregation | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `geo_id` | Province geo ID |  | 1990–2023 | — |  |
| `year` | Year |  | 1990–2023 | — |  |
| `shapeISO` | ISO 3166-2 province code (geoBoundaries) |  | 1990–2023 | — | geoBoundaries |
| `total_GlobPOP_Density` | Zonal sum of gridded population density | people per km², summed over cells | 1990–2022 | sum | Liu et al. (2024) |
| `total_GlobPOP_Count` | Zonal sum of gridded population count | people | 1990–2022 | sum | Liu et al. (2024) |
| `total_VNL` | Zonal sum of NPP-VIIRS-like night-time lights | nW/cm²/sr, summed over cells | 2000–2023 | sum | Chen et al. (2021) |
| `total_EGDP` | Zonal sum of electricity-based revised real GDP | as in source, summed over cells | 1992–2019 | sum | Chen et al. (2022) |
| `total_NPP` | Zonal sum of net primary productivity (missing: all zeros in the source release) | as in source, summed over cells | — | sum | Robinson et al. (2018) |
| `total_GHAP` | Zonal sum of PM2.5 concentration (GHAP) | µg/m³, summed over cells | 2017–2022 | sum | Wei et al. (2023) |

## Load it

```python
!pip install -q geo4cambodia                       # Google Colab
import geo4cambodia as geo

geo.dictionary("env")                     # variables, units, aggregation rules
df = geo.load("env")                      # panel: one row per unit and year
gdf = geo.load("env", geometry=True)      # with province boundaries
```

[![Open in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/empty.ipynb)

Without the package:

```python
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/province/env.csv")
```

[![Open in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/empty.ipynb)

## Notes

- Known issue: in the source release `total_NPP` is 0 for every province and year. It is published as missing until the dataset is regenerated.
- The zonal sums were computed on geoBoundaries ADM1 polygons, which differ slightly from the GADM provinces used for geo IDs. `shapeISO` keeps the original geoBoundaries code.
- GDO province numbers follow GADM order and differ from the ISO 3166-2 numbers in `shapeISO` (e.g. Phnom Penh is KH-16 in GDO and KH-12 in ISO).
- Remote-sensing extraction notebook: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1VQFcaKJl0Lz_c_gGrb4FZ2uJvAVseEKp?usp=sharing
- Original repository: https://github.com/gdo-cambodia/provinces25-1990-2023-pop-viirs-like-egdp-npp-pm25

## Sources

- Liu, L., Cao, X., Li, S., & Jie, N. (2024). A 31-year (1990–2020) global gridded population dataset generated by cluster analysis and statistical learning. Scientific Data, 11, 124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-02913-0
- Chen, Z., Yu, B., Yang, C., Zhou, Y., Yao, S., Qian, X., Wang, C., Wu, B., & Wu, J. (2021). An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration. Earth System Science Data, 13, 889–906. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-889-2021
- Chen, J., Gao, M., Cheng, S., Hou, W., Song, M., Liu, X., & Liu, Y. (2022). Global 1 km × 1 km gridded revised real gross domestic product and electricity consumption during 1992–2019 based on calibrated nighttime light data. Scientific Data, 9, 202. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01322-5
- Robinson, N. P., Allred, B. W., Smith, W. K., Jones, M. O., Moreno, A., Erickson, T. A., Naugle, D. E., & Running, S. W. (2018). Terrestrial primary production for the conterminous United States derived from Landsat 30 m and MODIS 250 m. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 4(3), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.74
- Wei, J., Li, Z., Lyapustin, A., Wang, J., Dubovik, O., Schwartz, J., Sun, L., Li, C., Liu, S., & Zhu, T. (2023). First close insight into global daily gapless 1 km PM2.5 pollution, variability, and health impact. Nature Communications, 14, 8349. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43862-3

## Recommended citation

> GeoDevelopment Observatory of Cambodia (2025). Population, (VIIRS-like) lights, electricity-based GDP, net primary productivity, and PM2.5 (25 provinces, 1990–2023). https://github.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/blob/main/docs/datasets/env.md