# Estimated GDP per capita

> Generated by `geo4cambodia build` from [`metadata/gdppc.datapackage.json`](../../metadata/gdppc.datapackage.json). Edit that file, not this one.

## Overview

Annual estimates of GDP per capita (PPP, constant 2017 international dollars) for Cambodia's 202 districts, 1990–2022. They are aggregated from the downscaled gridded GDP-per-capita dataset of Kummu et al. (2025). Alongside the levels, the dataset provides the log of GDP per capita and Hodrick–Prescott trends with three smoothing parameters (λ = 6.25, 100, 400), for studying long-run regional growth and convergence.

- **Dataset id:** `gdppc`
- **Categories:** Economy

## Scale: district

- **Units:** 202 of 202 district units
- **Period:** 1990–2022, annual (6,666 rows: one per unit and year)
- **Source geometry:** GADM 4.1 level 2 (202 districts, as used by Kummu et al. 2025)

| File | Format |
| --- | --- |
| [`data/district/gdppc.csv`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/district/gdppc.csv) | CSV |
| [`data/district/gdppc.parquet`](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/district/gdppc.parquet) | Parquet |

| Variable | Description | Unit | Coverage | Aggregation | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `geo_id` | District geo ID |  | 1990–2022 | — |  |
| `year` | Year |  | 1990–2022 | — |  |
| `GID_2` | GADM level-2 code |  | 1990–2022 | — | GADM 4.1 |
| `y` | GDP per capita | PPP, constant 2017 international USD | 1990–2022 | none | Kummu et al. (2025) |
| `ln_y` | Log GDP per capita | log | 1990–2022 | none | Derived |
| `trend6_ln_y` | Hodrick–Prescott trend of log GDP per capita (λ = 6.25) | log | 1990–2022 | none | Derived |
| `trend100_ln_y` | Hodrick–Prescott trend of log GDP per capita (λ = 100) | log | 1990–2022 | none | Derived |
| `trend400_ln_y` | Hodrick–Prescott trend of log GDP per capita (λ = 400) | log | 1990–2022 | none | Derived |

## Load it

```python
!pip install -q geo4cambodia                       # Google Colab
import geo4cambodia as geo

geo.dictionary("gdppc")                     # variables, units, aggregation rules
df = geo.load("gdppc")                      # panel: one row per unit and year
gdf = geo.load("gdppc", geometry=True)      # with district boundaries
```

[![Open in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/empty.ipynb)

Without the package:

```python
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/main/data/district/gdppc.csv")
```

[![Open in Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg)](https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/empty.ipynb)

## Notes

- GDP per capita cannot be aggregated to provinces without district population weights, so its aggregation rule is `none`. Pass weights explicitly, e.g. `geo.aggregate(df, to="province", rules={"y": "weighted_mean:pop"}, weights=pop)`.
- Original repository: https://github.com/gdo-cambodia/cambodia202-1990-2022-GDPpc

## Related notebooks

- [Exploratory data analysis](../../notebooks/districts202_gdppc_eda.ipynb)
- [Exploratory spatial data analysis](../../notebooks/districts202_gdppc_esda.ipynb)

## Sources

- Kummu, M., Kosonen, M., & Masoumzadeh Sayyar, S. (2025). Downscaled gridded global dataset for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita PPP over 1990–2022. Scientific Data, 12, 178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04487-x

## Recommended citation

> He, D., Mendez, C., & Li, X. (2025). Estimates of district-level GDP per capita in Cambodia 1990–2022. GeoDevelopment Observatory of Cambodia. https://github.com/quarcs-lab/geo4cambodia/blob/main/docs/datasets/gdppc.md