GeoDevelopment Observatory of Bolivia / Indicators
SDG 2: Zero hunger
The Zero hunger index of the Municipal Atlas of the SDGs and its four indicators of child malnutrition, obesity in women, farm size and tractors, for every municipality.
The SDG 2 (Zero hunger) index of the Municipal Atlas of the Sustainable Development Goals in Bolivia 2020 (SDSN Bolivia) for all 339 municipalities, on a 0–100 scale where 100 means the targets are met, with the four indicators behind it: chronic malnutrition among children under 5 and obesity among women aged 15–49 (2016 Demographic and Health Survey, EDSA), and the average farm size and tractors per 1,000 farms (2013 Agricultural Census, INE). Each indicator is rescaled linearly to 0–100 between a worst and a best value, so that higher is always better and values beyond the bounds are capped, and the index is the simple mean of the available rescaled indicators. The survey is not representative by municipality, so the two nutrition indicators are imputed by department and poverty level and municipalities in the same cell share one value. The two farm indicators are missing for 15 almost fully urban municipalities, where the index averages the two nutrition indicators. The index is stored at 2016, the latest year of its indicators; the Atlas population (2020) and urbanization rate (2012 census) are included as context.
Variables of sdg02
index_sdg2: Zero hunger index (0-100). SDG 2 (Zero hunger) index of the Municipal Atlas of the SDGs in Bolivia 2020, on a 0-100 scale where 100 means the goal's targets are met (best value) and 0 the worst situation. Following the global SDG Index method (Lafortune et al., 2018), each of its 4 indicators is rescaled linearly to 0-100 between a worst value (generally the 2.5th-percentile tail of the municipal distribution) and a best value (the SDG target where one exists, otherwise the average of the five best municipalities, or expert judgement), with the direction set so that higher is always better and values beyond the bounds capped at 0 or 100; the index is the simple (equal-weight) mean of the available rescaled indicators. Components: Child chronic malnutrition (%); Obesity in women aged 15-49 (%); Average farm size (ha); Tractors per 1,000 farms. The components refer to different years; the observatory stores the index at 2016, the latest reference year among them. For the 15 almost fully urban municipalities, where the two farm indicators do not apply, it is the mean of the two nutrition indicators.sdg2_2_cmc: Child chronic malnutrition (%). Percentage of children under 5 with chronic malnutrition (stunting) in 2016. The 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (EDSA, INE and Ministry of Health; table 24) is not representative by municipality, so the Atlas gives each municipality the rate of its department and poverty level (high, medium or low); municipalities in the same cell share one value. In the SDG 2 index it is normalised linearly between 52.6 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 0 (best; SDG target / leave no one behind), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg2_2_oww: Obesity in women aged 15-49 (%). Percentage of women aged 15-49 (not pregnant and without a birth in the two months before the survey) with obesity (BMI of 30 or more) in 2016, imputed to municipalities from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey (EDSA, table 28) by department and poverty level. In the SDG 2 index it is normalised linearly between 32.8 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 11.3 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg2_4_pual: Average farm size (ha). Average area per Agricultural Production Unit (UPA), in hectares, from the 2013 Agricultural Census (INE). Not applicable (missing) for 15 municipalities the Atlas treats as almost fully urban, mostly department capitals and metropolitan municipalities; the SDG 2 index then averages the remaining indicators. In the SDG 2 index it is normalised linearly between 0.43 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 30 (best; expert judgement: a 30 ha target; larger farms score no higher), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg2_4_td: Tractors per 1,000 farms. Number of tractors per 1,000 Agricultural Production Units (UPAs), from the 2013 Agricultural Census (INE). Not applicable (missing) for the 15 almost fully urban municipalities. In the SDG 2 index it is normalised linearly between 0 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 673.4 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.population_2020: Population (persons). Estimated municipal population in 2020 (persons), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Población estimada, 2020"). The Atlas does not name the source; the 339 values sum to 11,633,371, exactly INE's 2020 national population projection (Revisión 2020 series), so they are presumably INE's municipal projections. Not an input of any goal index. Differs from the gridded WorldPop-based pop dataset.urbano_2012: Urbanization rate (%). Share of the municipal population living in urban areas in 2012 (%), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Tasa de urbanización, 2012"), from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). INE counts as urban the localities with 2,000 or more inhabitants, which is why 175 municipalities have a rate of 0. Not an input of any goal index (the Atlas treats 15 almost fully urban municipalities as having no applicable farm indicators for SDG 2; 11 of them are 95% or more urban by this rate, while Sucre, Tiquipaya and Potosí are 91–92% and Yunguyo de Litoral 0%).
Sources
- Andersen, L. E., Canelas, S., Gonzales, A., & Peñaranda, L. (2020). Atlas municipal de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en Bolivia 2020. La Paz: Universidad Privada Boliviana, SDSN Bolivia. https://unsdsn.org/resources/municipal-atlas-of-the-sdgs-in-bolivia-2020
- Mendez, C., Gonzales, E., Leoni, P., Andersen, L., & Peralta, H. (2026). DS4Bolivia: A Data Science Repository to Study GeoSpatial Development in Bolivia [Data set]. GitHub. https://github.com/quarcs-lab/ds4bolivia