GeoDevelopment Observatory of Bolivia / Indicators
SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy
The SDG 7 clean energy index and its four indicators of electricity coverage, residential electricity use, clean cooking energy and energy CO2 emissions per person.
The SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy) index of the Municipal Atlas of the Sustainable Development Goals in Bolivia 2020 (SDSN Bolivia) for all 339 municipalities, on a 0–100 scale where 100 means the goal’s targets are met, with the four indicators behind it: electricity coverage (% of the population) and clean cooking energy (% of households cooking with electricity, piped natural gas or LPG), both from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE), and residential electricity use (kWh per person) and energy-related CO2 emissions (t per person), both for 2016 from Andersen, Branisa & Calderón (2019). Each indicator is rescaled to 0–100 between a worst and a best value, with higher always better and values beyond the bounds capped, and the index is the simple mean of the rescaled indicators. Every municipality has all four indicators. The indicators refer to different years, so each is stored at its own reference year and the index at 2016, the latest of them. The Atlas population (2020) and urbanization rate (2012) are included as context.
Variables of sdg07
index_sdg7: Clean energy index (0-100). SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy) index of the Municipal Atlas of the SDGs in Bolivia 2020, on a 0-100 scale where 100 means the goal's targets are met (best value) and 0 the worst situation. Following the global SDG Index method (Lafortune et al., 2018), each of its 4 indicators is rescaled linearly to 0-100 between a worst value (generally the 2.5th-percentile tail of the municipal distribution) and a best value (the SDG target where one exists, otherwise the average of the five best municipalities, or expert judgement), with the direction set so that higher is always better and values beyond the bounds capped at 0 or 100; the index is the simple (equal-weight) mean of the available rescaled indicators. Components: Electricity coverage (%); Residential electricity use (kWh per person); Clean cooking energy (% of households); Energy CO2 emissions (t per person). The components refer to different years; the observatory stores the index at 2016, the latest reference year among them.sdg7_1_ec: Electricity coverage (%). Percentage of the population with electricity coverage in 2012, official INE indicator from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 7 index it is normalised linearly between 25.6 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 100 (best; SDG target), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg7_1_rec: Residential electricity use (kWh per person). Residential electricity consumption per capita in 2016 (kWh per person per year): all residential electricity consumed in the municipality divided by INE's 2016 population estimate. From Andersen, Branisa & Calderón (2019), based on residential electricity-meter records. In the SDG 7 index it is normalised linearly between 9 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 563 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg7_1_cce: Clean cooking energy (% of households). Percentage of households that cook with clean energy (electricity, piped natural gas or LPG cylinders), 2012, Atlas calculation from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 7 index it is normalised linearly between 6.9 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 97 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg7_3_co2epc: Energy CO2 emissions (t per person). Energy-related CO2 emissions per capita in 2016 (tCO2 per person per year): municipal consumption of diesel, gasoline, electricity and LPG multiplied by each fuel's CO2 emission factor, divided by population. From Andersen, Branisa & Calderón (2019). In the SDG 7 index it is normalised linearly between 8 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 0 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.population_2020: Population (persons). Estimated municipal population in 2020 (persons), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Población estimada, 2020"). The Atlas does not name the source; the 339 values sum to 11,633,371, exactly INE's 2020 national population projection (Revisión 2020 series), so they are presumably INE's municipal projections. Not an input of any goal index. Differs from the gridded WorldPop-based pop dataset.urbano_2012: Urbanization rate (%). Share of the municipal population living in urban areas in 2012 (%), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Tasa de urbanización, 2012"), from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). INE counts as urban the localities with 2,000 or more inhabitants, which is why 175 municipalities have a rate of 0. Not an input of any goal index (the Atlas treats 15 almost fully urban municipalities as having no applicable farm indicators for SDG 2; 11 of them are 95% or more urban by this rate, while Sucre, Tiquipaya and Potosí are 91–92% and Yunguyo de Litoral 0%).
Sources
- Andersen, L. E., Canelas, S., Gonzales, A., & Peñaranda, L. (2020). Atlas municipal de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en Bolivia 2020. La Paz: Universidad Privada Boliviana, SDSN Bolivia. https://unsdsn.org/resources/municipal-atlas-of-the-sdgs-in-bolivia-2020
- Mendez, C., Gonzales, E., Leoni, P., Andersen, L., & Peralta, H. (2026). DS4Bolivia: A Data Science Repository to Study GeoSpatial Development in Bolivia [Data set]. GitHub. https://github.com/quarcs-lab/ds4bolivia