GeoDevelopment Observatory of Bolivia / Indicators
SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth
The SDG 8 index of decent work and economic growth for the 339 municipalities, with its seven indicators of labour participation, youth inactivity, idle electricity meters, bank branches and migration intermediation.
The SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth) index of the Municipal Atlas of the Sustainable Development Goals in Bolivia 2020 (SDSN Bolivia) and the seven indicators behind it, for all 339 municipalities. Four come from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE): the labour participation rates of men and women aged 10 or older and the shares of young men and women aged 15–24 who neither study nor take part in the labour market. The others are the share of residential electricity meters with zero consumption in May 2016 (Andersen, Branisa & Calderón, 2019), commercial bank branches per 100,000 people in 2018 (ASFI and INE projections) and an index of intermediation in internal migration built from the 2012 census (Rocha-Portugal, Vera-Cossío & Wanderley, 2020). The index runs from 0 to 100, where 100 means the targets are met: each indicator is rescaled linearly between a worst and a best value, capped at 0 and 100, and the index is the simple mean of the available rescaled indicators. The zero-consumption meters are missing for 23 municipalities, whose index averages the other six. Because the indicators refer to different years, the index is stored at 2018, the latest of them. The Atlas population (2020) and urbanization rate (2012) are included as context.
Variables of sdg08
index_sdg8: Decent work and growth index (0-100). SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth) index of the Municipal Atlas of the SDGs in Bolivia 2020, on a 0-100 scale where 100 means the goal's targets are met (best value) and 0 the worst situation. Following the global SDG Index method (Lafortune et al., 2018), each of its 7 indicators is rescaled linearly to 0-100 between a worst value (generally the 2.5th-percentile tail of the municipal distribution) and a best value (the SDG target where one exists, otherwise the average of the five best municipalities, or expert judgement), with the direction set so that higher is always better and values beyond the bounds capped at 0 or 100; the index is the simple (equal-weight) mean of the available rescaled indicators. Components: Meters with zero consumption (%); Male labour participation rate (%); Female labour participation rate (%); Young men not studying or active (%); Young women not studying or active (%); Bank branches per 100,000 people; Migration intermediation index. The components refer to different years; the observatory stores the index at 2018, the latest reference year among them.sdg8_4_rem: Meters with zero consumption (%). Percentage of residential electricity meters that recorded zero consumption in May 2016, a proxy for infrastructure left unused part of the year (inefficient use of resources). From Andersen, Branisa & Calderón (2019). Missing for 23 municipalities. In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 39.1 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 0.3 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_5_oprm: Male labour participation rate (%). Global participation rate of men aged 10 or older: share economically active (working, with or without pay, or seeking work), 2012, official INE indicator from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 61.2 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 83 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_5_ofrm: Female labour participation rate (%). Global participation rate of women aged 10 or older: share economically active (working, with or without pay, or seeking work), 2012, official INE indicator from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 30.6 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 75.2 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_6_mlm: Young men not studying or active (%). Percentage of young men aged 15-24 who neither study nor participate in the labour market ("NINIs"), 2012, Atlas calculation from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 40 (worst; expert judgement) and 8 (best; global SDG Index), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_6_wlm: Young women not studying or active (%). Percentage of young women aged 15-24 who neither study nor participate in the labour market ("NINIs"), 2012, Atlas calculation from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 40 (worst; expert judgement) and 8 (best; global SDG Index), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_10_dbb: Bank branches per 100,000 people. Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 inhabitants in 2018: branch counts of the Financial System Supervisory Authority (ASFI) divided by INE population projections. In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 0 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 60 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg8_11_idi: Migration intermediation index. Index of the degree of intermediation in internal migration, 2012: the municipality's betweenness centrality in the network of migration flows between municipalities (how often it lies on the paths between other pairs), built from the 2012 census by Rocha-Portugal, Vera-Cossío & Wanderley (2020, IISEC-UCB) for the Atlas. Values run 0-15.1; the Atlas bounds (0.01-13.26) are on this same scale, but the scaling of the centrality measure is not stated in the Atlas. In the SDG 8 index it is normalised linearly between 0.01 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 13.26 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.population_2020: Population (persons). Estimated municipal population in 2020 (persons), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Población estimada, 2020"). The Atlas does not name the source; the 339 values sum to 11,633,371, exactly INE's 2020 national population projection (Revisión 2020 series), so they are presumably INE's municipal projections. Not an input of any goal index. Differs from the gridded WorldPop-based pop dataset.urbano_2012: Urbanization rate (%). Share of the municipal population living in urban areas in 2012 (%), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Tasa de urbanización, 2012"), from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). INE counts as urban the localities with 2,000 or more inhabitants, which is why 175 municipalities have a rate of 0. Not an input of any goal index (the Atlas treats 15 almost fully urban municipalities as having no applicable farm indicators for SDG 2; 11 of them are 95% or more urban by this rate, while Sucre, Tiquipaya and Potosí are 91–92% and Yunguyo de Litoral 0%).
Sources
- Andersen, L. E., Canelas, S., Gonzales, A., & Peñaranda, L. (2020). Atlas municipal de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en Bolivia 2020. La Paz: Universidad Privada Boliviana, SDSN Bolivia. https://unsdsn.org/resources/municipal-atlas-of-the-sdgs-in-bolivia-2020
- Mendez, C., Gonzales, E., Leoni, P., Andersen, L., & Peralta, H. (2026). DS4Bolivia: A Data Science Repository to Study GeoSpatial Development in Bolivia [Data set]. GitHub. https://github.com/quarcs-lab/ds4bolivia