GeoDevelopment Observatory of Bolivia / Indicators
SDG 10: Reduced inequalities
The Atlas’s SDG 10 index for every municipality, built from inequality in schooling, inequality in household electricity use and the share of people who do not speak Spanish.
The SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities) index of the Municipal Atlas of the Sustainable Development Goals in Bolivia 2020 (SDSN Bolivia) for all 339 municipalities, on a 0–100 scale where 100 means the goal’s targets are met, with the three indicators behind it: the Gini coefficient of years of schooling of people aged 25–65 and the share of the population aged 3 or older who do not speak Spanish, both from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE), and the inequality of residential electricity consumption per household in 2016, a generalised entropy index GE(-1) from electricity-meter records (Andersen, Branisa & Calderón, 2019). Each indicator is rescaled linearly to 0–100 between a worst and a best value, capped at both ends, and the index is the simple mean of the available rescaled indicators. Electricity inequality is missing for 24 municipalities, whose index averages the other two, and its values are on the Atlas’s own scale (apparently GE(-1) × 100). The index is stored at 2016, the latest year of its indicators; the Atlas’s 2020 population and 2012 urbanization rate are included as context.
Variables of sdg10
index_sdg10: Reduced inequalities index (0-100). SDG 10 (Reduced inequalities) index of the Municipal Atlas of the SDGs in Bolivia 2020, on a 0-100 scale where 100 means the goal's targets are met (best value) and 0 the worst situation. Following the global SDG Index method (Lafortune et al., 2018), each of its 3 indicators is rescaled linearly to 0-100 between a worst value (generally the 2.5th-percentile tail of the municipal distribution) and a best value (the SDG target where one exists, otherwise the average of the five best municipalities, or expert judgement), with the direction set so that higher is always better and values beyond the bounds capped at 0 or 100; the index is the simple (equal-weight) mean of the available rescaled indicators. Components: Gini of years of schooling; Inequality in electricity use; Non-Spanish speakers, age 3+ (%). The components refer to different years; the observatory stores the index at 2016, the latest reference year among them. Small residuals come from the rounding of the published Gini (two decimals).sdg10_2_gcye: Gini of years of schooling. Gini coefficient of years of education of the population aged 25-65, 2012, from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE) (0 = perfect equality). Published with two decimals. In the SDG 10 index it is normalised linearly between 0.578 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 0.214 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg10_2_iec: Inequality in electricity use. Generalised entropy index GE(-1), which stresses the bottom of the distribution, of residential electricity consumption per household, 2016. From Andersen, Branisa & Calderón (2019), based on electricity-meter records. Values (10-304) are on the Atlas's scale (bounds 11-228), apparently GE(-1) multiplied by 100; the scaling is not stated. Missing for 24 municipalities. In the SDG 10 index it is normalised linearly between 228 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 11 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.sdg10_2_nssp: Non-Spanish speakers, age 3+ (%). Percentage of the population aged 3 or older that does not speak Spanish at all (neither as mother tongue nor as first or second language), 2012, from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). In the SDG 10 index it is normalised linearly between 51.8 (worst; 2.5th-percentile tail) and 1.1 (best; average of the top 5), values beyond the bounds capped.population_2020: Population (persons). Estimated municipal population in 2020 (persons), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Población estimada, 2020"). The Atlas does not name the source; the 339 values sum to 11,633,371, exactly INE's 2020 national population projection (Revisión 2020 series), so they are presumably INE's municipal projections. Not an input of any goal index. Differs from the gridded WorldPop-based pop dataset.urbano_2012: Urbanization rate (%). Share of the municipal population living in urban areas in 2012 (%), as printed in the Atlas municipal profiles ("Tasa de urbanización, 2012"), from the 2012 Population and Housing Census (INE). INE counts as urban the localities with 2,000 or more inhabitants, which is why 175 municipalities have a rate of 0. Not an input of any goal index (the Atlas treats 15 almost fully urban municipalities as having no applicable farm indicators for SDG 2; 11 of them are 95% or more urban by this rate, while Sucre, Tiquipaya and Potosí are 91–92% and Yunguyo de Litoral 0%).
Sources
- Andersen, L. E., Canelas, S., Gonzales, A., & Peñaranda, L. (2020). Atlas municipal de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en Bolivia 2020. La Paz: Universidad Privada Boliviana, SDSN Bolivia. https://unsdsn.org/resources/municipal-atlas-of-the-sdgs-in-bolivia-2020
- Mendez, C., Gonzales, E., Leoni, P., Andersen, L., & Peralta, H. (2026). DS4Bolivia: A Data Science Repository to Study GeoSpatial Development in Bolivia [Data set]. GitHub. https://github.com/quarcs-lab/ds4bolivia