Chapter 1 Data Apps

Introduction to Macroeconomics

Explore the data of Chapter 1 without any code. Every chart below is live: hover over it to read the values, and use its buttons, menus and sliders to change what it shows.

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See also: Chapter 1 Model Apps, the chapter’s models without code.

Income over time and across countries

Fig. 1: GDP per person across countries

Switch between the ratio and linear scale, and use the menu to add a group of countries; hover over a line to read its values.

Sources. Data: Maddison Project Database 2023, GDP per capita (gdppc), Groningen Growth and Development Centre (Bolt and van Zanden 2024, doi:10.34894/INZBF2), converted from 2011 to 2022 dollars with the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis GDP deflator (A191RD3A086NBEA), via FRED. Country groups: World Bank country classifications. Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-1.csv, data/ch01/maddison_world.csv and data/ch01/countries.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.1 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Recessions, inflation and unemployment

Fig. 2: The U.S. employment-population ratio

Drag the handles of the small chart under the axis to zoom in on a period; the shaded bands are recessions.

Sources. Data: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Employment-Population Ratio (EMRATIO), via FRED; recession dates: NBER business cycle dates, as in the NBER-based recession indicator (USREC), via FRED. Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-2.csv and data/ch01/recessions.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.2 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Fig. 2, beyond the United States: employment around the world

Use the menu to add a group of countries to the United States; click a name in the legend to hide or show it.

Sources. Data: International Labour Organization modelled estimates, Employment to population ratio, 15+ (SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS), via the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Country groups: World Bank country classifications. Prepared files: data/ch01/employment_world.csv and data/ch01/countries.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.2 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Fig. 3: Inflation rates in rich countries

Use the menu to add a group of countries to the textbook’s four economies; hover to read each year’s rate.

Sources. Data: World Bank, World Development Indicators, Inflation, consumer prices (FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG), also via FRED for the United Kingdom (FPCPITOTLZGGBR), the euro area (FPCPITOTLZGEMU) and Japan (FPCPITOTLZGJPN); United States: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPIAUCNS), via FRED; gaps filled from the World Bank’s Global Inflation Database (Ha, Kose and Ohnsorge). Country groups: World Bank country classifications. Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-3.csv, data/ch01/inflation_world.csv and data/ch01/countries.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.3 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Fig. 4: The unemployment rate in the U.S., Europe and Japan

Move the slider to change the period, and use the menu to add a group of countries.

Sources. Data: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Unemployment Rate (UNRATE), via FRED; Japan: OECD, Infra-annual labour statistics, unemployment rate (LRHUTTTTJPA156S), via FRED; Europe (the euro area of 12) and 40 other countries: European Commission, AMECO database, unemployment rate (ZUTN); other OECD and G20 members: International Labour Organization modelled estimates, Unemployment, total (SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS), via the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Country groups: World Bank country classifications. Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-4.csv, data/ch01/unemployment_world.csv and data/ch01/countries.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.4 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Budget and trade deficits

Fig. 5: Budget and trade deficits

Pick a country from the menu (the G20 and OECD members); a value below zero is a surplus.

Sources. Data: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, national accounts, via FRED: federal government net saving (FGDEF), net exports (NETEXP) and GDP (GDP); other countries: IMF, World Economic Outlook, general government net lending/borrowing (GGXCNL_NGDP) and World Bank, World Development Indicators, External balance on goods and services (NE.RSB.GNFS.ZS). Country groups: World Bank country classifications. Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-5.csv, data/ch01/deficits_world.csv and data/ch01/countries.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.5 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

The long run and the short run

Fig. 7: Per capita GDP over the long run

Pick a country from the menu (the G20 and OECD members) to compare its long-run growth with the United States’.

Sources. Data: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: real GDP (GDPCA), population (B230RC0A052NBEA) and GDP deflator (A191RD3A086NBEA); Congressional Budget Office, Real Potential GDP (GDPPOT), via FRED; before 1929 and for other countries: Maddison Project Database 2023, GDP per capita (gdppc), Groningen Growth and Development Centre (Bolt and van Zanden 2024, doi:10.34894/INZBF2) (the textbook uses the Barro-Ursúa data before 1929). Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-7.csv and data/ch01/maddison_world.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.7 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.

Fig. 7, the short run: the U.S. output gap

Move the slider to a year to see how far GDP per person was from its potential, in percent and in dollars.

Sources. Data: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis via FRED: real GDP (GDPCA) and population (B230RC0A052NBEA); Congressional Budget Office, Real Potential GDP (GDPPOT), via FRED, from 1949 (before 1949 a smooth statistical trend); before 1929: Maddison Project Database 2023, GDP per capita (gdppc), Groningen Growth and Development Centre (Bolt and van Zanden 2024, doi:10.34894/INZBF2). Prepared files: data/ch01/fig1-7.csv (see the data notes). Chart: inspired by Fig. 1.7 in Jones (2024), Macroeconomics, 6th ed.